Magian Company Chapter (III) is the 3rd volume of the Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei Light Novel Sequel. Shiba Tatsuya’s strongest magic is released once more! Meanwhile, a storm of love at the Magic University!? Mayumi and Ryousuke head towards the USNA for the sake of negotiating the cooperation of FEHR. The trip comes at a time where foreign talented magicians are being prevented from ... Media Kit. Contact. Fandom Apps. Take your favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat. Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei Wiki is a FANDOM Anime Community. View Mobile Site. Follow on IGTikTokJoin Fan Lab. Characters belonging to the Military.The Chiba (千葉) Family is one of the Hundred Families, bearing the number Thousand (千) in their name. Their nickname is "Magic Swordsman" and they are an authority in close combat magic. The Chiba Family was renowned for using personal Speed and Weight Magic in close quarters combat. The Chiba Family's strength lay not in the fact they could …The Official Guidebook; List of Episodes; Mahouka for Dummies; Japanese Limited Edition Anime Box Sets; Mahouka The Movie; The Cast of the AnimeMeteor Stream (流星群) is a spell unique to Yotsuba Maya and is what made others consider her as the strongest Magician in the world. The Yotsuba Clan are descendants of Magicians from the 4th Research Institute who possess a strengthened Mind Manipulation Magic or a Magic Calculation Area that is warped by a strong power and giving them a …Phalanx (ファランクス) is a Movement Type Defensive Magic that is the Juumonji Family's signature spell and because of this, the Jummonji is also known as "Iron Wall". Phalanx is developed by the 10th Research Institute in Tokyo, Japan where the research is focus on the Defensive and Barrier Magic to ensure that the capital does not fall from heavy firepower, … Magian Company is the 1st volume of the Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei Light Novel Sequel. For Tatsuya, who has shown his overwhelming abilities, the curtain has lowered on his turbulent high school life. The next secret plan is―― The curtain has lowered on Shiba Tatsuya's turbulent high school life, during which he has defeated countless formidable enemies. He has now set in motion the ... Shippou Takuma (七宝 琢磨) is a member of the Shippou family, which was one of the 18 Assistant Houses and which has now been promoted to the Ten Master Clans. He is the heir of the Shippou family. He attends First High School and is a member of the Club Management Group as well as the freshman representative of the AD 2096 school year. …Third High School (三高校) is a National Magic University Affiliated High School located in Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture. It is an upper-level, magic institution known for sending a high number of graduates to the university every year and is an elite school that churns out a large number of excellent Magicians and Magic Technicians. The emblem of Third High is …First High School is a National Magic University Affiliated High School located in Hachiōji (八王子市 Hachiōji-shi), Tokyo in Kantō. It is an upper-level, magic institution known to send over a hundred graduates who either enter the University of Magic or enroll in a Magic Technical Institute of Specialized Higher Training every year and an elite school that … 4.38.4July. 4.38.5August. 4.392100. 5References. The Timeline lists the events in the Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei Universe in chronological order. This timeline tries to harmonize all the events, so long as they are canon, things that happen in the story as it goes, things that have come to pass or mentioned in passing, and things that may occur. Welcome to the Mahouka Wiki. The series Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei. Describe your topic. Write a description about your topic. Let your readers know what your topic is …Third High School (三高校) is a National Magic University Affiliated High School located in Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture. It is an upper-level, magic institution known for sending a high number of graduates to the university every year and is an elite school that churns out a large number of excellent Magicians and Magic Technicians. The emblem of Third High is …Shiba Miya (司波 深夜), born (Yotsuba Miya), was the older twin-sister of the current Head of the Yotsuba Family, Yotsuba Maya. Miya was the largest shareholder of Four Leaves Technology. She was the mother of Shiba Tatsuya and Shiba Miyuki. Miya was a charming woman with jet black hair, white skin, red eyes and a mature beauty that was ten years …In today’s digital age, having an online presence is crucial for businesses and organizations. One effective way to share information, collaborate, and engage with your audience is...Strategic-Class Magic (戦略級魔法) is magic capable of destroying a city with a population of greater than 50,000 people in a single invocation, or that of destroying a fleet. Due to the destructive capabilities of Strategic-Class Magic, it is difficult to test near civilian areas. As such, a method derived from a "subcritical experiment" to test the process of causing an …Saeki Hiromi (佐伯 広海) nicknamed "Silver Fox", a flag officer in the National Defense Force. She is the former head of the National Defense Force 101 Independent Magic-Equipped Battalion. Saeki Hiromi has streaks of silver running through her grey hair, but it is her analytical skills that earned her the nickname, "Silver Fox". Saeki Hiromi is a very …Studying for a test? You can't beat flashcards for help with memorization. Memorizable.org combines tables and wikis to let you create web-based flashcards. Studying for a test? Yo... Double Seven Chapter is the 12th volume in the Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei Light Novel series. April, 2096. Despite all the commotion they were involved in, Shiba Tatsuya and Shiba Miyuki have safely advanced to become second years. In light of all of Tatsuya's accomplishments, a new curriculum known as the Magic Engineering Course has been established, granting him a new place in school. With ... Four Leaves Technology (フォア・リーブス・テクノロジー) is publicly known to not have been a manufacturer of CAD products, but rather a provider for spare parts used for Magic Engineering, but their ascent to the pinnacle of CAD development and production around the globe is largely in thanks to the Silver Series. The official company records and brand name intentionally use ... The Irregular at Magic High School (魔法科高校の劣等生, Mahōka Kōkō no Rettōsei; lit. "The Poor Performing Student of a Magic High School") is a Japanese web novel series by Tsutomu Satō. It was published on Shōsetsuka ni Narō, an internet web novel website, between October 2008 and March 2011. Satō reached a deal with Dengeki Bunko and …The Virginia is an atomic submarine aircraft carrier belonging to the USNA Navy. The Virginia is the Secret Pride of the USNA Navy. Secret because the submarine is equipped with a nuclear reactor prohibited by international agreements. The captain of the ship is Colonel Michael Curtis, nephew of Senator Wyatt Curtis. The Virginia was used to …Leo and Erika often bicker in a pseudo-antagonistic manner, This has been established since their first meeting in high school. Despite that, the two share camaraderie and close friendship. Many times throughout the series others have asked if they were a couple, which both have fiercely denied. Slightly before the events of Yokohama unrest, Honoka, …Mahouka Koukou no Yuutousei (魔法科高校の優等生) is a spin-off manga that focuses primarily on the events of the main storyline but from the perspective of Miyuki. The adaptation is by Mori Yuu (森夕) and began publication on April 27th, 2012, and ran until July 27th, 2020. The series is serialized in Dengeki Daioh. The spin-off was later continued for … Magian Company Chapter (III) is the 3rd volume of the Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei Light Novel Sequel. Shiba Tatsuya’s strongest magic is released once more! Meanwhile, a storm of love at the Magic University!? Mayumi and Ryousuke head towards the USNA for the sake of negotiating the cooperation of FEHR. The trip comes at a time where foreign talented magicians are being prevented from ... Magian Company Chapter (III) is the 3rd volume of the Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei Light Novel Sequel. Shiba Tatsuya’s strongest magic is released once more! Meanwhile, a storm of love at the Magic University!? Mayumi and Ryousuke head towards the USNA for the sake of negotiating the cooperation of FEHR. The trip comes at a time where foreign talented magicians are being prevented from ... Yoshida Mikihiko (吉田 幹比古) is a Course 1 student (and formerly a Course 2 student during his first year at First High School, transferred due to the reshuffling of students caused by the introduction of the Magic Engineering Course) in First High School. Mikihiko is the Public Morals Committee chief (succeeding Chiyoda Kanon) and Erika's childhood friend. …Four Leaves Technology (フォア・リーブス・テクノロジー) is publicly known to not have been a manufacturer of CAD products, but rather a provider for spare parts used for Magic Engineering, but their ascent to the pinnacle of CAD development and production around the globe is largely in thanks to the Silver Series. The official company records and brand … Juumonji Katsuto (十文字 克人) is the Head of the Juumonji Family, which is one of the Ten Master Clans. Katsuto is a university student who's attended the National Magic University since 2096. He is an alumni of First High School. He is also one of the "Triumvirate" (The Big Three) along with Saegusa Mayumi and Watanabe Mari of First High School. Katsuto displays a very matter-of-fact ... Looking for information on the anime Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei (The Irregular at Magic High School)? Find out more with MyAnimeList, the world's most active online anime and manga community and database. In the dawn of the 21st century, magic, long thought to be folklore and fairy tales, has become a systematized technology and is …Shiba Sayuri (司波 小百合) was a researcher in Four Leaves Technology and has been elevated to management despite having no major accomplishments to her name. Her maiden name is Furuha Sayuri (古葉 小百合). In term of appearance, she is a petite woman of average to slightly above average height, with short, dark hair, parted down the middle …The Chiba (千葉) Family is one of the Hundred Families, bearing the number Thousand (千) in their name. Their nickname is "Magic Swordsman" and they are an authority in close combat magic. The Chiba Family was renowned for using personal Speed and Weight Magic in close quarters combat. The Chiba Family's strength lay not in the fact they could …Meteor Stream (流星群) is a spell unique to Yotsuba Maya and is what made others consider her as the strongest Magician in the world. The Yotsuba Clan are descendants of Magicians from the 4th Research Institute who possess a strengthened Mind Manipulation Magic or a Magic Calculation Area that is warped by a strong power and giving them a …Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei (魔法科高校の劣等生) follows the siblings, Tatsuya and Miyuki Shiba, who are enrolled in First High School. Upon taking the exam, the …The Irregular at Magic High School dikenal di Jepang sebagai Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei (魔法科高校の劣等生 , artinya "Orang Abnormal di SMA Sihir"), adalah serial web Jepang oleh Tsutomu Satō. Itu diterbitkan pada Syosetu, novel web internet, antara Oktober 2008 dan Maret 2011. Satō mencapai kesepakatan dengan Dengeki Bunko dan ...This wiki is dedicated to the Mushoku Tensei light novel series and its subsequent adaptations. We are striving to turn this place into a reliable source of information for the series, but to do that we need your help! This wiki is being constantly updated and we encourage you to join us on our task to expand this wiki with new articles and ...Double Seven Chapter is the 12th volume in the Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei Light Novel series. April, 2096. Despite all the commotion they were involved in, Shiba Tatsuya and Shiba Miyuki have safely advanced to become second years. In light of all of Tatsuya's accomplishments, a new curriculum known as the Magic Engineering Course has been …Saeki Hiromi (佐伯 広海) nicknamed "Silver Fox", a flag officer in the National Defense Force. She is the former head of the National Defense Force 101 Independent Magic-Equipped Battalion. Saeki Hiromi has streaks of silver running through her grey hair, but it is her analytical skills that earned her the nickname, "Silver Fox". Saeki Hiromi is a very …Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei Wiki dumped with WikiTeam tools. Skip to main content. We will keep fighting for all libraries - stand with us! A line drawing of the Internet Archive headquarters building façade. An illustration of a heart shape "Donate to the archive" An illustration of a magnifying glass. ... Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei Wiki is a FANDOM Anime Community. A Magic Technician (魔法技能師), or Magician (魔法師) is an individual imparted with magic (魔法). Magicians are able to manipulate Psions which makes it possible to alter the Eidos. In the past called "Supernatural Power Users", the name changed once magic became a ... 4.38.4July. 4.38.5August. 4.392100. 5References. The Timeline lists the events in the Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei Universe in chronological order. This timeline tries to harmonize all the events, so long as they are canon, things that happen in the story as it goes, things that have come to pass or mentioned in passing, and things that may occur.Became able to alter Eidos (becoming a regular Magician) after gaining an Artificial Magic Calculation Area (MCA) to be at the age of 6. Appointed as a Guardian at the age of 7. Learned how to use 'Gram Demolition'. Actualized the 'Loop Cast theory'. Recognized as a pioneer and expert in CAD software engineering as well as a world renowned researcher … The Kudō (九島, lit. nine islands) Family is a former member of Ten Master Clans, bearing the number Nine (九) in their name. The current Head of the Kudou Family is Kudou Makoto. They are formerly part of Ten Master Clans, and are from the Ninth Institute, where the research focus was, the "Streamlining and Appropriation of Ancient Magic into Modern Magic". The Old Ninth Research ... Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei Wiki dumped with WikiTeam tools. Skip to main content. We will keep fighting for all libraries - stand with us! A line drawing of the Internet Archive headquarters building façade. An illustration of a heart shape "Donate to the archive" An illustration of a magnifying glass. ...Ichihara Suzune (市原 鈴音) is a student of the National Magic University and was a Year 3 student in First High School who served as the Student Council Treasurer. She bore the overall responsibility for the operational staff during the Nine Schools Competition and was the primary writer of the representative group during the Thesis Competition. Former …Richard Sun (リチャード・スン) is said to be the leader of No Head Dragon. It was noted that he has never appeared before his subordinates. He has a adopted daughter, Sun Meilin and is also the grandson of Jiedo Heigu who is the leader of Blanche and one of the Seven Sages. Richard Sun's public persona is Sun Gongming. He lives in Hong Kong's upper …Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei - Kigunasu no Otometachi, which is a manga based on the spin-off series Cygnus Maidens, and follows the story of Juumonji Alisa, the illigitamate half-sister of Juumonji Katsuto as she attends First High. Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei - Yonkoma-hen, a comedy manga in the 4-koma style.Akechi Eimi (明智 英美) is a student of First High School. She was a representative of Newcomers Division Ice Pillar Break and Speed Shooting events in 2095. Her full name is Amelia Eimi Akechi Goldie (あけち・えいみ, アメリア・ゴールディ), and often referred to as Amy (エイミィ). Akechi Eimi is a captivating petite girl with red hair that shone with a … The Ten Master Clans (十師族, jusshizoku) is the title given to the top ten most influential Magic Families in Japan. The power of these houses ascends beyond that of judicial authorities. There are a total of twenty-eight families worthy of the name Ten Master Clans, and the ten who possess the strongest magic among those families will carry the title. The remaining families which serve as ... Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei: 26 episodes (Season 1) Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei: Raihousha-hen: 13 episodes (Season 2) Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei Movie: Hoshi … Magian Company is the 1st volume of the Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei Light Novel Sequel. For Tatsuya, who has shown his overwhelming abilities, the curtain has lowered on his turbulent high school life. The next secret plan is―― The curtain has lowered on Shiba Tatsuya's turbulent high school life, during which he has defeated countless formidable enemies. He has now set in motion the ... Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei: 26 episodes (Season 1) Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei: Raihousha-hen: 13 episodes (Season 2) Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei Movie: Hoshi …No Head Dragon (無頭竜) is an international crime syndicate that abuses magic. The name No Head Dragon (the headless dragon), didn't originate from the organization, but was instead used by other organizations to refer to the syndicate because of the leader for No Head Dragon never appearing before his subordinates. In order to appear before the …The Virginia is an atomic submarine aircraft carrier belonging to the USNA Navy. The Virginia is the Secret Pride of the USNA Navy. Secret because the submarine is equipped with a nuclear reactor prohibited by international agreements. The captain of the ship is Colonel Michael Curtis, nephew of Senator Wyatt Curtis. The Virginia was used to … The Irregular at Magic High School ( Japanese: 魔法科高校の劣等生, Hepburn: Mahōka Kōkō no Rettōsei, lit. "The Poor Performing Student of a Magic High School") is a Japanese web novel series by Tsutomu Satō. It was published on Shōsetsuka ni Narō, a web novel website, from October 2008 to March 2011. Shiba Sayuri (司波 小百合) was a researcher in Four Leaves Technology and has been elevated to management despite having no major accomplishments to her name. Her maiden name is Furuha Sayuri (古葉 小百合). In term of appearance, she is a petite woman of average to slightly above average height, with short, dark hair, parted down the middle …The Hundred Families (百家, hyakke) are magic families which, like the Ten Master Clans, possessed numbers on their names. Talented Magicians from prestigious families were the true representation of this title. Just as the hundreds digit followed the tens digit, the same meaning applied in that they were "families that were second only to the Ten Master …The Chiba (千葉) Family is one of the Hundred Families, bearing the number Thousand (千) in their name. Their nickname is "Magic Swordsman" and they are an authority in close combat magic. The Chiba Family was renowned for using personal Speed and Weight Magic in close quarters combat. The Chiba Family's strength lay not in the fact they could …Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei Appendix (2) (魔法科高校の劣等生 Appendix (2)) is the 2nd appendix volume of the Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei Light Novel series and a long awaited Dengeki Bunko compilation of ‘Mahouka Kokou no Rettousei’ short stories! This volume has yet to release. Summer Holiday ——Another—— In the summer of 2095, …Sawamura Maki (小和村 真紀) is an actress who is presumably betrothed to a member of the Kitayama Family, but does not have an engagement ring. She has some connections with Shippou Takuma. She broadcasts her existence and is capable of using her legitimate acting talents to flirt and ensnare people. In public she is seen as a kind and polite …Ichihara Suzune (市原 鈴音) is a student of the National Magic University and was a Year 3 student in First High School who served as the Student Council Treasurer. She bore the overall responsibility for the operational staff during the Nine Schools Competition and was the primary writer of the representative group during the Thesis Competition. Former …Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei Wiki dumped with WikiTeam tools. Skip to main content. We will keep fighting for all libraries - stand with us! A line drawing of the Internet Archive headquarters building façade. An illustration of a heart shape "Donate to the archive" An illustration of a magnifying glass. ...Hattori Gyoubushoujo Hanzou (服部 刑部少丞 範蔵) is a graduate of First High School. He is a former Vice-President of the Student Council. Katsuto chose Hattori as his successor to become a next leader of the Club Management Group before handing it off to Igarashi Yousuke. He is 175 cm tall and weighs 67 kg. Hattori is described to be roughly as tall as …A killer whale named Wikie learned to say "one, two, three" and "Amy"—her trainer's name. Her vocabulary only includes a handful of words, but with them, an orca at a French marine... Morisaki Shun (森崎 駿) is a student of First High School, and a Course 1 student. Morisaki Shun is a young man. Because of his enormous pride and superiority complex, he took Course 2 students lightly and discriminate them, even calling them 'Weeds' prior to joining the Public Morals Committee. His family is part of the Hundred Families, which belong to the Numbered Family System. The ... Cygnus Maidens (キグナスの乙女たち) is a spin-off of the Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei series. The series moves away from the Shibas and focuses on Iba Alisa, now Juumonji Alisa the half-sister of Juumonji Katsuto who came about due to their father having an affair before remarrying after the death of his first wife. The series initially consisted of a three …Looking for information on the anime Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei: Tsuioku-hen (The Irregular at Magic High School: Reminiscence Arc)? Find out more with MyAnimeList, the world's most active online anime and manga community and database. The extremely talented siblings Tatsuya and Miyuki Shiba shine bright in their own right …The Shizuka (静) Family is a Branch Family of the Yotsuba Family. Yotsuba Motosuke died during the war with Dahan in 2062. Both the Shizuka Family and Mashiba Family are not espionage experts. The experts of espionage in the Yotsuba Family are led by the Kuroba Family. The Yotsuba Family's influence encompasses specifically the Tōkai region and …Strategic-Class Magic (戦略級魔法) is magic capable of destroying a city with a population of greater than 50,000 people in a single invocation, or that of destroying a fleet. Due to the destructive capabilities of Strategic-Class Magic, it is difficult to test near civilian areas. As such, a method derived from a "subcritical experiment" to test the process of causing an … The Irregular at Magic High School: The Movie – The Girl Who Summons the Stars (Japanese: 劇場版 魔法科高校の劣等生 星を呼ぶ少女, Hepburn: Gekijōban Mahōka Kōkō no Rettōsei: Hoshi o Yobu Shōjo) is a 2017 Japanese animated film based on an original story written by Tsutomu Satō featuring the characters of his light novel series The Irregular at Magic High School. Magian Company Chapter (VII) is the 7th volume of the Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei Light Novel Sequel. On October 13, 2023 the Official Dengeki Bunko tweeted the announcement for the release of the latest Light Novel with the promotional photo. The world plunges into a crisis, and everyone's thoughts are in turmoil. What will Tatsuya's next move be? Tatsuya …The Irregular at Magic High School: The Movie – The Girl Who Summons the Stars (Japanese: 劇場版 魔法科高校の劣等生 星を呼ぶ少女, Hepburn: Gekijōban Mahōka Kōkō no Rettōsei: Hoshi o Yobu Shōjo) is a 2017 Japanese animated film based on an original story written by Tsutomu Satō featuring the characters of his light novel series The Irregular at …A number of video games are based on the Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei light novel series, while others include Mahouka material as part of a crossover (or cross-promotion). Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei: Out of Order is an action game for the PlayStation Vita which was published in Japan on December 25th, 2014. It has three game components: a … The Kudō (九島, lit. nine islands) Family is a former member of Ten Master Clans, bearing the number Nine (九) in their name. The current Head of the Kudou Family is Kudou Makoto. They are formerly part of Ten Master Clans, and are from the Ninth Institute, where the research focus was, the "Streamlining and Appropriation of Ancient Magic into Modern Magic". The Old Ninth Research ... In today’s fast-paced business world, knowledge sharing plays a crucial role in the success of any organization. One of the primary advantages of creating a wiki site is the abilit...Magian Company Chapter (III) is the 3rd volume of the Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei Light Novel Sequel. Shiba Tatsuya’s strongest magic is released once more! Meanwhile, a storm of love at the Magic University!? Mayumi and Ryousuke head towards the USNA for the sake of negotiating the cooperation of FEHR. The trip comes at a time where foreign …Known Users. It is a magic that constructs a synthetic beast using shadows as a medium. The spell is a hybrid magic that incorporates western sorcery and eastern continental magic. [1]Cygnus Maidens Volume 6 (新・魔法科高校の劣等生 キグナスの乙女たち 6) is the sixth light novel of the second spin-off series for the Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei series. This spin-off continues to follow the story of Juumonji Alisa, the illegitimate daughter of the Juumonji family as she continues her high school life at First High. In January 10, 2024, the official …Welcome to the Mushoku Tensei Wiki! We are currently housing 7,709 pages, 681 articles and 2,501 files, with 28,851 edits so far. Light Novel. Learn about the light novel series. …Magian Company Chapter (V) is the 5th volume of the Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei Light Novel Sequel. Guided by the "compass", Tatsuya goes to Indo-Persian Federation in search of the legendary city of Shambala! With the "Guru Stone Tablet" and "compass" excavated from Mt. Shasta in the USNA, Tatsuya believes that these two Relic may both point the …Pledge (誓約) is a Mental Interference Magic of the Outer-Systematic Type Magic. This magic prohibits specific decision making and limiting magic power is a side effect. The unique point of this magic is that it uses the magic power of another’s mental interference magic to sustain. So Pledge is usually maintained by the magician that casts it or by a …r/Mahouka: The subreddit for Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei, or The Irregular at Magic High School.. Mahouka Koukou no Yuutousei (魔法科高校の優等生) is a spin-off manga that focDouble Seven Chapter is the 12th volume in the Maho Magian Company Chapter (VI) Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei Wiki. (edited by VIIKeepers) Shiba Tatsuya Shiba Miyuki. Qwertyasdf007 · 4/19/2023 in General. Trying to understand the mechanics of magic. I'm not exactly sure on the rules of magic and psion interference. This confusion is kickstarted by the attack on bus on the way to the 2095 … The Yotsuba(四葉, よつば, lit. four leaves) Clan is one of the two No Head Dragon (無頭竜) is an international crime syndicate that abuses magic. The name No Head Dragon (the headless dragon), didn't originate from the organization, but was instead used by other organizations to refer to the syndicate because of the leader for No Head Dragon never appearing before his subordinates. In order to appear before the … Leo and Erika often bicker in a pseudo-antagonistic manner,...
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